Hagia Sophia (Kufotokozera Kwakunja) Ulendo Wotsogolera

Istanbul E-pass ikuphatikiza ulendo wa Hagia Sophia Outer Explanation Tour wokhala ndi Wowongolera wolankhula Chingerezi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde onani "Maola & Msonkhano". Kuti mulowe mu Museum padzakhala ndalama zowonjezera 28 Euros zitha kugulidwa mwachindunji pakhomo la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Hagia Sophia waku Istanbul

Tangoganizani nyumba yomwe yaima pamalo amodzi kwa zaka 1500, kachisi woyamba wa zipembedzo ziwiri. Likulu la Matchalitchi Achikristu a Orthodox ndi mzikiti woyamba ku Istanbul. Inamangidwa mkati mwa zaka 5 zokha. Dome lake linali dome wamkulu ndi 55.60 kutalika ndi 31.87 diameter kwa zaka 800 padziko lapansi. Zithunzi za zipembedzo mbali ndi mbali. Malo oikidwa pampando kwa Olamulira Achiroma. anali malo osonkhanira a Sultani ndi anthu ake. Ameneyo ndi wotchuka Hagia Sophia waku Istanbul.

Kodi Hagia Sophia Amatsegula Nthawi Yanji?

Imatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse kuyambira 09:00 - 19:00.

Kodi Pali Ndalama Zolowera Msikiti wa Hagia Sophia?

Inde, alipo. Malipiro olowera ndi 28 Euro pa munthu.

Kodi Hagia Sophia ili kuti?

Ili pakatikati pa mzinda wakale ndipo imafikirika mosavuta ndi zoyendera za anthu onse.

Kuchokera ku mahotela akale a mumzinda; Tengani tram ya T1 kupita Blue siteshoni ya tram. Kuchokera pamenepo zimatenga mphindi 5 kuyenda.

Kuchokera ku mahotela a Taksim; Pezani funicular (mzere wa F1) kuchokera ku Taksim Square kupita Kabatas. Kuchokera pamenepo, tengani tram ya T1 kupita Blue siteshoni ya tram. ndi kuyenda kwa mphindi 2-3 kuchokera pamalo okwerera masitima apamtunda kukafika kumeneko.

Kuchokera ku Sultanahmet Hotels; ili pamtunda woyenda kuchokera ku mahotela ambiri kudera la Sultanahmet.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kupita ku Hagia Sophia ndipo Nthawi Yabwino Ndi Chiyani?

Mutha kuchezera mkati mwa mphindi 15-20 nokha. Maulendo okongoletsedwa amatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30 kuchokera kunja. Pali zambiri zazing'ono mnyumba muno. Popeza ukugwira ntchito ngati mzikiti pakali pano, munthu ayenera kudziwa nthawi yopemphera. M'bandakucha ingakhale nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochezera kumeneko.

Mbiri ya Hagia Sophia

Ambiri mwa apaulendo amasakaniza Blue Mosque yotchuka ndi Hagia Sophia. Kuphatikizira Nyumba ya Topkapi, imodzi mwamalo omwe adachezeredwa kwambiri ku Istanbul, nyumba zitatuzi zili pamndandanda wa cholowa cha UNESCO. Pokhala zotsutsana wina ndi mzake, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa nyumbazi ndi chiwerengero cha minarets. Minaret ndi nsanja yomwe ili mbali ya mzikiti. Cholinga chachikulu cha nsanja iyi ndikuyitanira kupemphero m'masiku akale asanayambe maikolofoni. Blue Mosque ili ndi 6 minarets. Hagia Sophia ali ndi 4 minarets. Kupatula chiwerengero cha minaret, kusiyana kwina ndi mbiri. Blue Mosque ndi nyumba ya Ottoman, pomwe Hagia Sophia ndi wamkulu ndipo ndi womanga waku Roma, kusiyana pakati pawo kuli pafupifupi zaka 1100.

Kodi Hagia Sophia Anapeza Bwanji Dzina Lake?

Nyumbayi imadziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chinenero. Mu Chituruki, limatchedwa Ayasofya, pamene m’Chingelezi limatchedwa molakwa St. Sophia. Izi zimabweretsa chisokonezo, chifukwa ambiri amakhulupirira kuti dzinali linachokera kwa woyera mtima wotchedwa Sophia. Komabe, dzina loyambirira, Hagia Sophia, limachokera ku Chigiriki chakale, kutanthauza "Nzeru zaumulungu." Dzina limeneli limasonyeza kudzipereka kwa nyumbayo kwa Yesu Kristu, kusonyeza nzeru Zake zaumulungu osati kulemekeza woyera mtima winawake.

Asanadziwike kuti Hagia Sophia, dzina loyambirira la nyumbayi linali Megalo Ecclesia, lomwe limatanthawuza "Mpingo Waukulu" kapena "Mega Church." Dzina limeneli linkaimira udindo wake monga tchalitchi chachikulu cha Chikhristu cha Orthodox. M’kati mwa nyumbayo, alendo angadabwebe ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa mocholoŵana, chimodzi mwacho chimasonyeza Justinian i akupereka chitsanzo cha tchalitchi ndi Konstantini Wamkulu akupereka chitsanzo cha mzinda kwa Yesu ndi Mariya—mwambo wa m’nthaŵi ya Aroma wa mafumu amene anaika ntchito zomanga zazikulu.

Kuyambira nthawi ya Ottoman, Hagia Sophia alinso ndi zilembo zokongola kwambiri, makamaka mayina oyera achisilamu, omwe adakongoletsa nyumbayi kwa zaka zopitilira 150. Kuphatikizika kwa zojambula zachikhristu ndi zolemba zachisilamu zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa nyumbayi pakati pa zipembedzo ziwiri zazikulu ndi zikhalidwe.

Kodi Viking Adasiya Chizindikiro Chake pa Hagia Sophia?

Mbiri yochititsa chidwi yakhala mu mawonekedwe a Viking graffiti yopezeka ku Hagia Sophia. M’zaka za m’ma 11, msilikali wina wa ku Viking dzina lake Haldvan analemba dzina lake m’nyumba ina imene inali pansanjika yachiwiri ya nyumbayo. Zojambula zakalezi zikuwonekerabe mpaka pano, zomwe zikupereka chithunzithunzi cha alendo osiyanasiyana omwe adadutsa ku Hagia Sophia kwazaka zambiri. Chizindikiro cha Haldvan ndi chikumbutso cha kukhalapo kwa Norsemen ku Byzantine Constantinople, komwe nthawi zambiri ankagwira ntchito ngati asilikali a asilikali a Varangian Guard, kuteteza mafumu a Byzantine.

Ndi Hagia Sophias Angati Anamangidwa M'mbiri yonse?

M'mbiri yonse, panali 3 Hagia Sophias. Constantine Wamkulu anapereka dongosolo la mpingo woyamba m’zaka za zana la 4 AD, atangolengeza kuti Istanbul monga likulu la Ufumu wa Roma. Iye ankafuna kusonyeza ulemerero wa chipembedzo chatsopanocho, choncho tchalitchi choyamba chinali chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Komabe, popeza tchalitchicho chinali chamatabwa, chinawonongedwa ndi moto.

Pamene mpingo woyamba unawonongedwa, Theodosius ii analamula mpingo wachiwiri. Ntchito yomanga idayamba m'zaka za zana la 5, koma tchalitchichi chinagwetsedwa panthawi ya zipolowe za Nika m'zaka za zana la 6.

Ntchito yomanga yomaliza inayamba m’chaka cha 532 ndipo inatha mu 537. M’kati mwa zaka 5, nyumbayi inayamba kugwira ntchito ngati tchalitchi. Zolemba zina zimati anthu 10,000 anagwira ntchito yomangayi kuti amalize m’nthawi yochepa. Omangawo anali Isidorus a Miletos ndi Anthemius wa Tralles, onse ochokera kumadzulo kwa Turkey.

Kodi Hagia Sophia Anasintha Bwanji Kuchoka Ku Tchalitchi Kupita Ku Msikiti?

Pambuyo pomangidwa, nyumbayi idagwira ntchito ngati tchalitchi mpaka nthawi ya Ottoman. Ufumu wa Ottoman unagonjetsa mzinda wa Istanbul mu 1453. Sultan Mehmed Wogonjetsa adalamula kuti Hagia Sophia asanduke mzikiti. Ndi dongosolo la Sultan, nkhope za zomangira mkati mwa nyumbayo zidakutidwa, mamina adaonjezedwa, ndipo Mihrab yatsopano (malo owonetsa komwe akulowera ku Makka) adayikidwa. Mpaka nthawi ya Republic, nyumbayi idakhala ngati mzikiti. mu 1935, mzikiti wodziwika bwinowu udasinthidwa kukhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale molamulidwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo.

Itangokhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, nkhope za zojambulazo zinavumbulutsidwanso. Alendo masiku ano amatha kuwona zizindikiro za zipembedzo ziwiri mbali imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo abwino kwambiri omvetsetsa kulolerana ndi mgwirizano.

Zosintha Zotani Zomwe Zinachitika mu 2020 Hagia Sophia Atsegulanso ngati mzikiti?

Mu 2020, Hagia Sophia adasintha kwambiri pomwe adabwezeredwa kuchokera ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kukhala mzikiti womwe ukuyenda bwino ndi lamulo lapulezidenti. Ichi chinali nthaŵi yachitatu m’mbiri yake yaitali kuti Hagia Sophia agwiritsiridwe ntchito monga malo olambirira, akubwerera ku chiyambi chake chachisilamu pambuyo potumikira monga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwa zaka 85. Monga mizikiti yonse ku Turkey, alendo tsopano amatha kulowa mnyumbamo pakati pa mapemphero am'mawa ndi usiku. Chigamulochi chinakwaniritsidwa ndi zochitika zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi, popeza Hagia Sophia ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pachikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo kwa Akhristu ndi Asilamu.

Kodi Mavalidwe Otani Poyendera Hagia Sophia?

Mukapita ku Hagia Sophia, ndikofunikira kutsatira kavalidwe kachikhalidwe komwe kamawonedwa m'misikiti yonse ku Turkey. Akazi amafunikira kuphimba tsitsi lawo ndi kuvala masiketi aatali kapena mathalauza otayirira kuti asunge ulemu, pamene amuna ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akabudula awo agwera pansi pa bondo. Kuonjezera apo, alendo onse ayenera kuvula nsapato zawo asanalowe kumalo opemphereramo.

Panthawi yake ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, mapemphero sankaloledwa mkati mwa nyumbayi. Komabe, popeza unayambiranso ntchito yake monga mzikiti, mapemphero tsopano akhoza kuchitidwa mwaufulu panthawi yoikidwiratu. Kaya mukuyendera ngati alendo kapena kupemphera, ntchito yatsopano ya Hagia Sophia yakhazikitsa malo omwe olambira ndi owona malo angazindikire tanthauzo lake lachipembedzo komanso mbiri yakale.

Kodi Hagia Sophia Isanakhale mzikiti?

Hagia Sophia asanakhale mzikiti, inali tchalitchi chachikulu chachikhristu chotchedwa Church of Hagia Sophia, kutanthauza "Nzeru Yoyera" m'Chigiriki. Nyumbayi idalamulidwa ndi Mfumu ya Byzantine Justinian I ndipo idamalizidwa mu 537 AD. linali tchalitchi chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse kwa zaka pafupifupi 1,000 ndipo chinatumikira monga likulu la Chikristu cha Eastern Orthodox, chochita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wachipembedzo ndi wandale mu Ufumu wa Byzantium. Nyumbayi inali yodziŵika chifukwa cha dome lake lalikulu kwambiri komanso kamangidwe kake katsopano, kusonyeza chuma ndi mphamvu za ufumuwo.

mu 1453, pamene Ufumu wa Ottoman unagonjetsa Constantinople (tsopano Istanbul), Sultan Mehmed ii anasandutsa tchalitchichi kukhala mzikiti. Panthawi ya kusinthaku, zida zachisilamu monga minarets, mihrab (niche ya pemphero), ndi mapanelo a calligraphic zidawonjezeredwa, pomwe zithunzi zina zachikhristu zidakutidwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha mbiri yakale ya Hagia Sophia monga mzikiti, womwe unapitirira mpaka unakhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale mu 1935.

Kodi Pali Kusiyana Kotani Pakati pa Hagia Sophia, Aya Sophia, ndi Saint Sophia?

Ngakhale kuti mayina Hagia Sophia, Aya Sophia, ndi Saint Sophia nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana, amatanthauza kalembedwe komweko koma m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana:

• Hagia Sophia: Ili ndi dzina lachi Greek, lomwe limatanthawuza "Nzeru Yoyera." ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pazokambirana za mbiri yakale komanso maphunziro.
• Aya Sophia: Ili ndiye dzina lachi Turkey la dzinali, lomwe linatengedwa pambuyo pa kugonjetsa Ottoman ku Constantinople. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Turkey komanso pakati pa olankhula Chituruki.
• Saint Sophia: Awa ndi matembenuzidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'zilankhulo ndi zochitika za Azungu. limasonyeza tanthauzo lomwelo - "Nzeru Yoyera" - koma mawu oti "Woyera" ndi ofala kwambiri m'mayiko olankhula Chingerezi.

Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kwa dzinali, onse amatchula nyumba yofananira ku istanbul, yomwe imadziwika ndi mbiri yakale monga tchalitchi chachikulu chachikhristu, mzikiti, ndipo tsopano ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi Hagia Sophia tsopano ndi chiyani - Mosque kapena Museum?

Pofika Julayi 2020, Hagia Sophia wakhalanso mzikiti. Kusintha uku kudalengezedwa potsatira chigamulo cha khothi la Turkey chomwe chidachotsa udindo wake ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, udindo womwe udakhala nawo kuyambira 1935, pansi pa boma ladziko lotsogozedwa ndi Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Lingaliro loibwezera ku mzikiti ladzetsa mikangano yapanyumba ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya nyumbayi pazipembedzo zingapo.

Ngakhale umagwira ntchito ngati mzikiti masiku ano, Hagia Sophia amakhalabe wotseguka kwa alendo azipembedzo zonse, monganso mizikiti ina yambiri ku Turkey. Komabe, kusintha kwapangidwa, monga kuphimba zithunzithunzi zachikristu m’mapemphero. Ngakhale zasintha pazachipembedzo, Hagia Sophia akadali wofunika kwambiri ngati chipilala chambiri, chowonetsera zakale zachikhristu za Byzantine ndi Asilamu za Ottoman.

Kodi Mkati mwa Hagia Sophia Ndi Chiyani?

Mkati mwa Hagia Sophia, mutha kuwona kuphatikiza kochititsa chidwi kwa zojambulajambula zachikhristu ndi zachisilamu zomwe zikuwonetsa mbiri yakale ya nyumbayi. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza:

• The Dome: Dome lapakati, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi luso lazomangamanga la Byzantine, lokwera mamitala 55 kuchokera pansi. kukongola kwake ndi kutalika kwake kumapangitsa chidwi cha alendo.
• Zolemba zachikhristu: Ngakhale zithunzi zambiri zidakutidwa kapena kuchotsedwa m'nthawi ya Ottoman, zithunzi zingapo za Byzantine zosonyeza Yesu Khristu, Namwali Mariya, ndi oyera mtima osiyanasiyana zidavumbulutsidwa ndikubwezeretsedwa, zomwe zikupereka chithunzithunzi cha nthawi ya nyumbayi ngati tchalitchi chachikulu.
• Chisilamu Calligraphy: Makanema akuluakulu ozungulira olembedwa ndi Arabic calligraphy amawonekera kwambiri mkati. Zolembedwazi zikuphatikizapo mayina a Allah, Muhammad, ndi ma califa anayi oyambirira a Chisilamu, omwe anawonjezeredwa panthaŵi yake monga mzikiti.
• Mihrab ndi Minbar: Mihrab (kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamasonyeza ku Mecca) ndi minbar (guwa) anawonjezeredwa pamene Hagia Sophia anasinthidwa kukhala mzikiti. Izi ndi zofunika pa mapemphero Asilamu.
• Mizati ya Marble ndi Mipanda: Hagia Sophia ndi wodziwikanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito miyala ya miyala yamitundumitundu kuchokera ku Byzantine Empire, zomwe zimathandizira kukongola kwake.

Mkati mwake mumayimira kusakanikirana kwapadera ndi chikhalidwe, kuyimira miyambo yaluso ya Byzantine ndi Ottoman.

Kodi Hagia Sophia Amadziwika ndi Zomangamanga Ziti?

Hagia Sophia ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha zomangamanga za Byzantine, zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri ndi dome lalikulu lomwe limayang'anira nyumbayi. Mtundu uwu umadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake:

• Nyumba zapakati: Kapangidwe katsopano ka dome lapakati la Hagia Sophia, lomwe likuwoneka kuti likuyandama pamwamba pa nave, linali luso lopanga zomangamanga munthawi yake. idakhudza mapangidwe amisikiti ya Ottoman pambuyo pake, kuphatikiza Blue Mosque.
• Zolemba: Zomangamanga zitatuzi zinalola kuyika kwa dome yayikulu pamtunda wamakona anayi, luso lofunikira lomwe limatanthawuza kamangidwe ka Byzantine.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kuwala: Akatswiri a zomangamanga anaika mazenera m’munsi mwa denga la nyumbayo mwaluso, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti dengalo linali lolenjekeka kuchokera kumwamba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa kuwala kumeneku kuti apange lingaliro laumulungu kunakhala chizindikiro cha nyumba zachipembedzo za Byzantine.
• Mosaics ndi Marble: Zojambulidwa zocholoŵana ndi makoma a nsangalabwi amitundu yooneka bwino amaonetsa ulemerero ndi zizindikiro za Ufumu wa Byzantium, zimene zimayang’ana kwambiri zachipembedzo ndi zithunzithunzi.

Kapangidwe kamangidwe kameneka kanakhudza kwambiri omanga a Ottoman omwe pambuyo pake adasintha kukhala mzikiti, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa Byzantine ndi Asilamu.

Chifukwa Chiyani Hagia Sophia Ndi Wofunika Kwa Akhristu ndi Asilamu?

Hagia Sophia ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa Akhristu ndi Asilamu chifukwa cha gawo lake m'mbiri ya zipembedzo zonse ziwiri. Kwa Akristu, inali tchalitchi chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse kwa zaka pafupifupi 1,000 ndipo chinali likulu la Tchalitchi cha Eastern Orthodox. Anali malo ochitirako miyambo yofunika kwambiri yachipembedzo, kuphatikizapo kulongedwa ufumu kwa mafumu a Byzantine, ndipo zithunzi zake zojambulidwa za Kristu ndi Namwali Mariya ndi zizindikiro zolemekezeka za chikhulupiriro chachikristu.

Kwa Asilamu, mzinda wa Constantinople utagonjetsedwa mu 1453, Hagia Sophia anasandutsidwa mzikiti ndi Sultan Mehmed ii, kusonyeza kupambana kwa Chisilamu pa Ufumu wa Byzantine. Nyumbayi idakhala chitsanzo cha zomangamanga zamtsogolo za mzikiti wa Ottoman, kulimbikitsa mizikiti yambiri yotchuka ku Istanbul, monga Suleymaniye ndi Blue Mosque. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa zilembo zachisilamu, mihrab, ndi minarets kunawonetsa chidziwitso chake chatsopano chachisilamu.

Hagia Sophia akuyimira mphambano ya zipembedzo ziwiri zazikulu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha cholowa chachikhristu komanso chachisilamu. kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kosalekeza ndi kusungidwa kumasonyeza ntchito yake monga mlatho pakati pa zakale ndi zamakono, Kum’maŵa ndi Kumadzulo, ndi ziŵiri za miyambo yaikulu yachipembedzo ya dziko.